Green Competitiveness of the National Economy: Evolution in the Context of Sustainability and Resilience

The challenges posed by climate change and limited natural resources have significantly transformed traditional approaches to assessing the competitiveness of the national economy. In this context, the concept of green competitiveness has emerged as an important analytical framework that integrates economic performance with environmental sustainability and efficient resource use. At the same time, global environmental and socio-economic shocks have highlighted the importance of resilience as a key factor ensuring the stability and adaptability of national economies. This study aims to analyse the evolution of green competitiveness of the national economy in the context of sustainability and resilience, and to identify the main research trends in this field. The study is based on a combination of literature review and bibliometric analysis of scientific publications indexed in the Scopus database. The methodological approach includes keyword co-occurrence analysis and the visualisation of bibliometric networks using VOSviewer. This approach enables the identification of dominant research directions, thematic clusters, and relationships among key concepts in the scientific literature. The results demonstrate that the concept of competitiveness has gradually evolved from a purely economic interpretation toward a more comprehensive framework that incorporates environmental sustainability and social stability. The analysis of bibliometric maps reveals that studies on competitiveness are closely interconnected with sustainable development, environmental innovation, green economy, and climate policy. At the same time, recent research increasingly integrates the concept of social resilience, emphasising the capacity of economic systems to adapt to environmental and socio-economic shocks. The findings confirm that green competitiveness is becoming an important component of sustainable economic development and long-term national competitiveness.